President Obama challenged congress to pass immigration reform as quickly as possible during his remarks at Del Sol High School in Las Vegas today. It served as a beacon of hope and brought smile on faces of 11 million undocumented immigrants residing in the country founded on the philosophy of immigrants. Unfortunately, Democrats, in the past, found it difficult to follow Republicans lawmakers' erratic trains of thought who considered immigration reform against the betterment of country and failed their own Republican President George Bush on this issue. It is hard to believe double standards- we as a nation have been enjoying when undocumented workers construct our roads/bridges, clean our backyards baby-sit our children, clean our houses, but Washington does not want them to come out of shadow. Despite all their estimable effort in building this most powerful nation on earth, why they should not enjoy the freedom like all of us which was envisioned by founding fathers. Who knows Republicans' lawmakers can again enjoy playing chicken and finger pointing at President and his administration not being serious on tighter boarder security before executing a path to citizenship for 11 million people who want to stay in US. They should their math first- illegal boarder crossing had dropped by 80 percent from 2000 due to increased patrols by ground security and so many unmanned surveillance drones along with 124 other aircrafts. If Republicans wish to elect their president to White House, Republicans' control House must act as swiftly as possible for immigration reform plan proposed by president Obama.
positive vibration
Wednesday, January 30, 2013
Friday, July 8, 2011
An Open Letter to Casey Anthony
God knows who murdered your 2 years daughter. At least, it's good news for you to receive not- guilty verdict. Yes, a jury in Orlando acquitted you of murder. Yes, you were just convicted for four counts of lying to police. We know you received credits for 3 years and will be released on July 17th, 2011. However, you will find your home empty, barren without gorgeous Caylee. So many mothers are struck by your behavior aftermath of your daughter's missing: partied in bars, waited for 31 days to report the girl's missing. I did not react either your stoned face or smiling face at the verdict standing from the local car dealer's big TV screen. Also, I had no time to connect the dots of so many customer's unhappy faces. I was much more focused on bargaining a brand new car at zero percent interest on July 4th special sell . However, I could not ignore Caylee's Law's reference of a sell person on my table who asserted," It is a felony for a parent/caretaker to fail to notify police within 24 hours about child's missing.." People might connect bold dots' of 435,000 signatures which were collected for petition. The change.org have been overflowing with two signatures per a second. Following facebook tribute campaign, I also have been turning my porch's light on in memory of 2 years Caylee hoping to find answer to a question: Why why and why innocent children like Caylee are exploited around the world?
Collapse of the World's Tabloid
The British Prime minister D.Camron's promised for a full investigation into the phone hacking and the police bribery that lead unfortunate collapse of the world's tabloid. With it's death, it gave new birth to hundred's controversial questions too. The most important of all is why Mr. Cameron refused to be apologetic for hiring Andy Coulson, former News for the world editor, as his spokesman. A considerable number of people have viewed his action as one of the appalling blunder of judgments. Almost everyone had awe and more questions swirling around when James Murdoch, Rupert Murdoch's son announced this weekend's edition as the final one bringing an end to 168 year- old tabloid's life. Interestingly, several journalists from the world had already been arrested on various controversial questions and allegations. Despite the public outcry, the spirit of the paper might hover around because investors make money selling pathetic news and emotions of general public.
Sunday, January 23, 2011
Blood Libel and S. Palin
People's intemperate and incediary comments to each other over Tucsons shooting do not uplift real American spirit who love and live democracy. No body, no radio show, no type of media can dismiss and discount the unity among Americans. Obviously, there are few mystery attached with this incident and the aftermath really heated the American politics. The most asked question remained: Does Sarah Palin, presidential hopeful, inflamed opinion against congresswoman Giffords who is in critical condition after gun shot. Besides people's conjucture, her motif might not be to instigate the horrendous tragedy with all those cross signs on her political map in last congressional election. Everything looks just coincidence. Palin's compared media attack to a ' blood libel'. Honestly speaking, it would be wonderful if her advisers would have suggested her any other term to repudiate media if it was necessary. Of course, the phrase she used has come from notorious passage in the Bible. She really might not have known how hard it would hit and hurt Jews. Yes, Politics and policies are legerdemain to win people's faith. However, every politician must have to realize that the very unpleasant and violent rhetoric and trick used in politics generate unnecessary animous between themselves. Unfortunetly, the lunatic sometimes might quickly plunge into the same rhetoric and penetrate heinous crime. Anyway, the cold reality is that the individual damaged by this shooting is Palin. She might have rubbed out her date of presidential election campaign announcement if she had any. Lucky President Obama. His popular ratings has drastically increased after his great speech in Tucsan that assuaged all Americans. It might be too early to forcast more about Obama's political future without observing his political campaign. His union speech scheduled for next week definitely will have some inkings. My thoughts and preyers are with Congresswoman Giffords, her family staffs as well as Tucsonans who were victim of the unspekeable tragedy. The great news now is U. S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords who was shot in the head Jan. 8, is transfered to Houston Texas on Friday via air ambulance, is in the process of recovery. Currently, the great medical team has been figuring out the most safe and secured way to take out the fluid builtup in her brain.
Tuesday, July 7, 2009
Tragic death of a Nepali in Pennsylvania, USA
July 6, 2009 by HB Bhandari, Baltimore MD.
Ishwor Gandari, a 24 years old Nepali originally from Gorkha Nepal tragically died yesterday in Pennsylvania. ‘He had been to Nepali party and returned late home, most probably fell off the balcony, his dead body was lying on the ground in the 7 a.m.”, said the restaurant owner on phone.
Mr Gandari who was employee at a local restaurant was married year and half ago in Nepal and was eagerly waiting his 5 months old son and wife to come to USA anytime this year. Mr. Gadari, who had sworn in for the US Citizenship and was hoping to receive it sometime this week. “He was a generous person immensely popular among Nepali community for his sense of humor in PA area was dreaming for his family reunion, and had started countdown to see his newly born son.” Said Nabin, a close friend of Gandari in PA. “Upon finishing his catering job for a local Indian party, he joined us and danced till the end of the Nepali party organized by a local Nepali to celebrate his daughters’ birthday. He was heavily drunk even before joining us that night”, Nabin further added. According to Nabin Mr Gandari was taking depression medication and was recommended not to drink any alcoholic beverages by his personal doctor.
‘Around mid night he came to the apartment and walked out for Balcony holding a beer bottle on his hand since the temperature was real hot”, Gadari’s coworker and roommate who is in his 60s told to the Nepali community.
The Nepali community is waiting for postmortem report to be released tomorrow. Late Gandari’s family and friends in Nepal learned about this tragic news a while ago.
….. to be continued tomorrow after police report…....
Ishwor Gandari, a 24 years old Nepali originally from Gorkha Nepal tragically died yesterday in Pennsylvania. ‘He had been to Nepali party and returned late home, most probably fell off the balcony, his dead body was lying on the ground in the 7 a.m.”, said the restaurant owner on phone.
Mr Gandari who was employee at a local restaurant was married year and half ago in Nepal and was eagerly waiting his 5 months old son and wife to come to USA anytime this year. Mr. Gadari, who had sworn in for the US Citizenship and was hoping to receive it sometime this week. “He was a generous person immensely popular among Nepali community for his sense of humor in PA area was dreaming for his family reunion, and had started countdown to see his newly born son.” Said Nabin, a close friend of Gandari in PA. “Upon finishing his catering job for a local Indian party, he joined us and danced till the end of the Nepali party organized by a local Nepali to celebrate his daughters’ birthday. He was heavily drunk even before joining us that night”, Nabin further added. According to Nabin Mr Gandari was taking depression medication and was recommended not to drink any alcoholic beverages by his personal doctor.
‘Around mid night he came to the apartment and walked out for Balcony holding a beer bottle on his hand since the temperature was real hot”, Gadari’s coworker and roommate who is in his 60s told to the Nepali community.
The Nepali community is waiting for postmortem report to be released tomorrow. Late Gandari’s family and friends in Nepal learned about this tragic news a while ago.
….. to be continued tomorrow after police report…....
Thursday, June 25, 2009
Leadership Style
Leadership style that refers to an approach of providing necessary direction, executing plans, and motivating people on the right track and task plays an instrumental role to make a difference in any institution. In this light, it is obvious that different leaders adopt various leadership quality- authoritarian, participative and delegative- based on their nature, vision, and mission. Interestingly, great leaders internalize and strongly support participative or democratic leadership style mainly because it gives an equal opportunity to the staffs to be a part of team that brings mutual understanding and respect among team members.
The democratic leadership, moreover, functions in collaborative competition by means of every staff member's skills and knowledge; a leader can hardly be omniscience. The skilled human resources fill out the achievement gap of a leader. On the contrary, a leader has to act like an authoritarian type under certain time pressure, situation, and environment when the team has necessary information and knowledge. Moreover, the delegative type of leadership, the President Obamanian style, has also its importance when a leader set up the priorities and believes that all delegates have full confidence on their tasks. Therefore, great leader becomes flexible to act according to the particular time and space tightly holding democratic type of leadership. both in heart and mind.
Building team work, abetting employees (worker) through professional training ,and providing them psychological and educational support are some of positive incentives for staffs that, great leader strongly believe, bring expected positive differences in their performance: "There is evidence that leaders who are considerate in their leadership style are higher performers and are more satisfied with their job"(Schriesheim, p 21). On the contrary to it, an authoritarian leader creates scary environment and, therefore, can not influence people: "Leadership is influencing people -- by providing purpose, direction, and motivation -- while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization." (US Army Handbook, P 13.)
A leader is he/she who can take best advantage of all employees' expertise and encourage them for more professional skills and education to make the organization ready to face the 21st century's challenges. When a leader shares out the horizontal structure of power in believing mutual respect, the organization runs autonomously offering the best result possible.
When an employee lacks very basic skills, autocratic style, management control, may be effective for a time being, however too much relied on it damages the performance of the organization on the whole. A person who behaves like a boss, thus, can not be considered as a good leader because he offers a lot of penalty and can not create conducive working environment that can directly hamper's the institutions Therefore, one has to implement democratic style of leadership to drive his/her vision and mission that brings respects among team members and provide everyone an equal opportunity of growing along with the progress of the organization(party).
Work Cited
Clark, D. R. (2008)http://nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/ahold/isd.html accessed on June 16, 2009.Schriesheim, Chester A.(2003)
'The Great High Consideration- High Initiating Structure Leadership Myth: Evidence on its Generalizability.' The Journal of Social 69(4):3-4
United States Army. "Military leadership, FM 22-100." Washington, D.C., 1973.
The democratic leadership, moreover, functions in collaborative competition by means of every staff member's skills and knowledge; a leader can hardly be omniscience. The skilled human resources fill out the achievement gap of a leader. On the contrary, a leader has to act like an authoritarian type under certain time pressure, situation, and environment when the team has necessary information and knowledge. Moreover, the delegative type of leadership, the President Obamanian style, has also its importance when a leader set up the priorities and believes that all delegates have full confidence on their tasks. Therefore, great leader becomes flexible to act according to the particular time and space tightly holding democratic type of leadership. both in heart and mind.
Building team work, abetting employees (worker) through professional training ,and providing them psychological and educational support are some of positive incentives for staffs that, great leader strongly believe, bring expected positive differences in their performance: "There is evidence that leaders who are considerate in their leadership style are higher performers and are more satisfied with their job"(Schriesheim, p 21). On the contrary to it, an authoritarian leader creates scary environment and, therefore, can not influence people: "Leadership is influencing people -- by providing purpose, direction, and motivation -- while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization." (US Army Handbook, P 13.)
A leader is he/she who can take best advantage of all employees' expertise and encourage them for more professional skills and education to make the organization ready to face the 21st century's challenges. When a leader shares out the horizontal structure of power in believing mutual respect, the organization runs autonomously offering the best result possible.
When an employee lacks very basic skills, autocratic style, management control, may be effective for a time being, however too much relied on it damages the performance of the organization on the whole. A person who behaves like a boss, thus, can not be considered as a good leader because he offers a lot of penalty and can not create conducive working environment that can directly hamper's the institutions Therefore, one has to implement democratic style of leadership to drive his/her vision and mission that brings respects among team members and provide everyone an equal opportunity of growing along with the progress of the organization(party).
Work Cited
Clark, D. R. (2008)http://nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/ahold/isd.html accessed on June 16, 2009.Schriesheim, Chester A.(2003)
'The Great High Consideration- High Initiating Structure Leadership Myth: Evidence on its Generalizability.' The Journal of Social 69(4):3-4
United States Army. "Military leadership, FM 22-100." Washington, D.C., 1973.
Sunday, April 19, 2009
Discourses, Hegemony and the Buddha’s birthplace Lumbini
Discourses, Hegemony and the Buddha’s birthplace Lumbini
Nepal,a small country of 1,47,000 Sq.Km with 25 million people situated between India and China, has its recognition around the globe as the country of diversity with rich cultural heritage. Therefore, a nation must be well equipped in all sectors such as education, politics, and so forth to preserve its identity of a multi-lingual, multi-cultural, and multi-religion country in this era where power is created by discourse. Power, then, intimidates truth and imparts false knowledge modifying the existing truth in the veil of modernism and pluralism. In the same way, some historians are actively producing fake documents for last 30 years to define and establish India’s Orissa as the birth place of Buddha, Nepali cultural icons and identity. Indian Film ‘Chandani Chowk’ to China is the most recent. This paper attempts to illustrate motif behind it and explore some of the ways to combat such discourse and hegemony created to confuse and confound the globe by untold numbers of Indian historian and a few western academia.
Asoka, Buddhist Philosophy and Fake Historian
Orissa’s hazy past focuses with the Kalinga war where a hundred thousand were killed, another hundred and fifty thousand were imprisoned while an equal number died aftermath of war in. 261 BC. Eventually, the bloody carnage brought realization in Ashoka ,the powerful Mouryan emperor from Magadha who led. military campaign against Kalinga. And, he realized peace as final solution to the problem and adopted Buddihism as his state religion. Later on, Asoka played a key role in spreading Buddhist philosophy all over Asia. What seems most detestable is that some historians have been trying to prove the same carnage as an origin of Buddha. His devotion to Buddhism brought him to Lumbini and encouraged him to establish the pillar that answers all types of doubt posed by Indian historian who attempt to prove India’s Orissa as Buddha’s birthplace. What is most embarrassing is that such naïve historians are trying their best to prove the Lumbini’s Asoka’s pillar as fake one.
The primary cause of distress is the grand design of some Indian historian such as Subhas Chandra Pattanayak who envy the rich tradition of Nepal. They cannot tolerate tourists flying to Nepal. It is hard for them to accept Nepal glorifying the tradition of Buddha.. His opening sentences in the Hindustan Times mock the entire glove which believes the truth that Gautam Buddha was born in Kapilvastu, Nepal.
But due to Brahminical conspiracy, the world is so misguided that the birth place of Buddha has wrongly been taken to be in the Tarai region of Nepal. And, therefore the real Kapilavastu known presently as Kapileswara near Bhubaneswar in Orissa (India) is seldom visited by the present generation Buddhists.
No body think about the conspiracy in ancient world between two neighbouring countries. The growing concern of India in Nepals internal political issue to cultural issue signifies the fetid smell in relationship.The poverty and lawness are primary factors that help outsiders reflect avarice on cultural resources and plot all type of conspiracy against.In course of time, Nepalese patriotic fervour may give birth to anti Indian rioting if the situation persists..In ancient period very few people were so very conscious about its histoical, cultural and economical significance as people do nowadays Therefore, people just believed the truth. The world including academic community of India believes Buddha was born in Kapilvastu, Nepal. However, some wrongly motivated person like Subhas writes again and again involves himself into various lame to save their baseless ideas :
Cunningham, in his “Ancient Geography of India”, has strongly argued that Rumindei from where the Tarai inscription was allegedly discovered, is neither related to the name ‘Kapilavastu’ nor ‘Kapila’ even as noted historian Dr.Smith emphasizes that the place was never known as Rumindei. According to him, it was a forged name given to the place by archaeologist Fuhrer.
I’m not a historian . In fact, I believe that the idea is hasty, and a little too likely to presuade indian power exercise over Nepal. In a nutshell, all these accusations are inspired by a motive of hegemony. These people do not have sufficient evidence and they are vying to confuse and confound the Buddhists.We, thus, have to cast doubts on every ideas put forth by these fake historians including Dr.Smith. By supporting another so-called historian fairytales. Subhas further misuses his intellct:
The Hindustan Times wrote on 18.6.1970 that Mohapatra has “concluded” after many years of research that “Buddha’s birthplace was not, as is generally accepted, in the Tarai region of Nepal, but at Kapileswara village near Bhubaneswar.”
In the similar way, high ranking bureaucrats like chief Secretary, gov of Orissa- Ajit Kumar Tripathy have been digging down every source by attempting to create new wave of propaganda to future world writing a fake book The Real Birthplace of Buddha: Yesterday’s Kapilbastu Today’s Kapilewar.. The state government of Orissa, moreover, encourages such officer that helps create more illusion then reality. Nepali people and their government should be able to read meaning and message of such illusion and defend its integrity before getting too late.
SOME MORE TWISTED FACTS
The Cyclopedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. Bye Edward Balflower 1885… tires to prove the Buddha’s birth place as India..
“It is mentioned that Buddha travel from Rajagriha to Kapilvastu to come to a distance of 60 yojans,i.e. 675kms at the daily average of 1 yojans which is 11kms. Kapileswara of Orissa is at a distance of 600 km.Terai is just 300 Kms.”
Hemavantagiri mentioned by buddha later on was known as swanakuta swarna and Hema stand for gold- forest area of Chandaka. Khandgiri, Uhyagiri and Dhaulagiri belonged to this area. Kuwadnya who were the priest o Shakya’s are still living in Kaplesara areas since 2500. Later they built Shiva’s temple.
Vasistha Clan, of 500 families, they do have intermarriage system, they are Mallias.
The name Lumbini or Kapilbastu was not in existence during Buddha’s birthplace. It is because the name Lumini or Kapilbastu was not in map of Nepal before 100 years.
Ground Reality
In 1980 Indian History congress in Mumbai had described the kapileser inscriptions forged document. Some writers have a opinion that the Buddha was born on Northwest India on the boarder of Nepal. It is such voice who knows but do not accept Nepal as a birth place of India.About the year 560 BC six century before Christian era. The new international Enclopedian published in 1903 and edited by Daniel, gilman Harry his home was in the regin of Indian to the northeast of Benares, modern Kohane not far from borders of Nepal. Buddha was born, grew up and died a Hindu.
Ashoka pillar was rediscovered by the German Archeologist Alis Furehre . In 1967, the UN Secretary U Thant visited Lumbini. Out of his visit born a master plan for the development of the birth place. Kenzo Tange designer Japanese Buddhist had a dream to develop Lumbini as famour as Mecca or Jesusalem for Christians.. The 48 meter tall world peace Stupa by a Japanese group has been moving ahead. The murder of Yutaka Nabatame a nichiren monk working with project gave birth to many questions. Retaining text in copy, they had handed out the original plate to the faithful mallas and went away to Nepal. Unfortunately this place became famous as the birth place of Buddha . At last original birthplace came to light built Orissa state museum has been experimenting to check up fossil found nearby so called Asoka pillar in Institute of physical laboratory
Dr CB Patel. Buddha’s new birth place discovered-2004, The New York Time Encyclopedic Almanac-1972 and many books are supporting such false discourse. Some other books have written he was born in boarder of Northern India and Nepal.
Holleyworrd actors like Richard Gere and Steve Segal to 350 million practicing Buddhists in the world.
However,when Ashika who was emperor for whole India could not be supposed so stupid. Entire false logic tries to prove him very insensitive and coward person. Moreover, if there was war in Orissa why they bring they pillar to hide in Lumbini not in other places. The reason that Malla were obedient and innocent is not logistical. How those people belief to handover the faith on such innocent people.. And, why they did not live in between rather only in Lumbini.. Why Mallas went to orissas, who informed them to become and get that sutpa. So far it said they have retained in text and gave the original one is not reasonalble what was the reason behind it to preserve can not be logical and trustable. Moreover, they are advocating that Dhulagiri and other Himalayas do not exist in Nepal without researching the real Dhaulagiri Himal that exist in Northern part of Nepal The country Nepal which is in existence since civilization of Mohand Jodaro and Hadapa can not be justified by saying that Nepal has short history about Buddha Dharma therefore it can not be the Buddha’s birth place. We can not justify USA as the birth place of Jesus Christ being based on the churches opened in the USA. They should not forget that Buddha was born as Hindu and died as Hindu. He never supposed himself as god as many people believe now. The observation of Pasupatinath, Gueshwori and other place of cultural importance are enough to prove ancient Nepalese civilization. Similarly, the intercultural tolerance practiced in Nepal shows the Buddha’s influence in Nepal. The kingdom Suddhowhan must be bigger than modern day Lumbini which have real impact to the spread of Buddha Dharma to India. The ancient Nepali geographical maps from Tista to Kangada support this fact. Nepalese communities around the globe are getting united in India, Butan and around the world. India has a great fear of this unity.
Ways to combat Indian Discourse and Hegemony
The current school and university students have to shoulder the responsibility to run the country ultimately. Therefore, these national builders must be well equipped to preserve its identity of a multi-lingual, multi-cultural and multi-religion country. The current generation equally should aware about the political scenario which has been taking a dramatic shift to promote Nepal's non-aligned foreign policy in accordance with Pancha Sheel & UN Charter Also, students who are future leaders, national builders, designer and everything. m, sufficient knowledge to preserve the national’s identity like The Mt.Everest, the highest peak of the world, and birthplace of Lord Buddha and so and so forth. These cultural heritages need a lot of human resources and financial strength to make them alive for ever and ever.
Each nepali is a cultural ambassador, help support and contribute to organizations established to protect such cultural heritage. They, further, can launch various awareness programs for their preservation. China and India have been growing as powerful nationals of the world with the help of tremendous progress in their economy and education. Nepal on the other hand also has the obligation to improve its economy to meet the 21st century standard. Otherwise, the trend of migration and brain drain can not be stopped in this era of globalization which has adverse impact from national economy progress to preservation of cultural heritage. The future leader can stop such brain drain launching various national awareness programs about culture in school.
Following are some sources which present Asoka Pillar and Mayadevi temple as the solid source that prove Lumbini as Buddha’s birth place.
Uttankita Sanskrit Bidhya Arany Epigraphs Published 1989
Buddhism: Beliefs and practices in Sri Lanka Page172.
Buddhism: The light of Asia by Kenneth Kwan
Buddhist traditions and culture of the Ktm Valley, Nepal, by Karuna kar Baidya, University of Virginia -1986.
Conclusion
Hence, however hard these fake historians try, the reality will persist. Buddha was born in Kapilvastu as evidenced from the pillar found nearby. There are many morearcheaological evidences which prove that Buddha was born in Nepal. These people should learn to read history and appreciate the findings of excavations rather than accuse everything as being false. Poor findings supported by illogical arguments does not earn Buddha’s birthplace.
Work cited
http://orissamatters.com/2008/04/29ajit-on-buddha/
Subhas Chandra, Buddha was born in Orissa, not Nepal, International Reporter http://internationalreporter.com/news/read.php?id=1491
Hinudstan Times wrote on 18/06/1970The Cyclopedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. Bye Edward
Nepal,a small country of 1,47,000 Sq.Km with 25 million people situated between India and China, has its recognition around the globe as the country of diversity with rich cultural heritage. Therefore, a nation must be well equipped in all sectors such as education, politics, and so forth to preserve its identity of a multi-lingual, multi-cultural, and multi-religion country in this era where power is created by discourse. Power, then, intimidates truth and imparts false knowledge modifying the existing truth in the veil of modernism and pluralism. In the same way, some historians are actively producing fake documents for last 30 years to define and establish India’s Orissa as the birth place of Buddha, Nepali cultural icons and identity. Indian Film ‘Chandani Chowk’ to China is the most recent. This paper attempts to illustrate motif behind it and explore some of the ways to combat such discourse and hegemony created to confuse and confound the globe by untold numbers of Indian historian and a few western academia.
Asoka, Buddhist Philosophy and Fake Historian
Orissa’s hazy past focuses with the Kalinga war where a hundred thousand were killed, another hundred and fifty thousand were imprisoned while an equal number died aftermath of war in. 261 BC. Eventually, the bloody carnage brought realization in Ashoka ,the powerful Mouryan emperor from Magadha who led. military campaign against Kalinga. And, he realized peace as final solution to the problem and adopted Buddihism as his state religion. Later on, Asoka played a key role in spreading Buddhist philosophy all over Asia. What seems most detestable is that some historians have been trying to prove the same carnage as an origin of Buddha. His devotion to Buddhism brought him to Lumbini and encouraged him to establish the pillar that answers all types of doubt posed by Indian historian who attempt to prove India’s Orissa as Buddha’s birthplace. What is most embarrassing is that such naïve historians are trying their best to prove the Lumbini’s Asoka’s pillar as fake one.
The primary cause of distress is the grand design of some Indian historian such as Subhas Chandra Pattanayak who envy the rich tradition of Nepal. They cannot tolerate tourists flying to Nepal. It is hard for them to accept Nepal glorifying the tradition of Buddha.. His opening sentences in the Hindustan Times mock the entire glove which believes the truth that Gautam Buddha was born in Kapilvastu, Nepal.
But due to Brahminical conspiracy, the world is so misguided that the birth place of Buddha has wrongly been taken to be in the Tarai region of Nepal. And, therefore the real Kapilavastu known presently as Kapileswara near Bhubaneswar in Orissa (India) is seldom visited by the present generation Buddhists.
No body think about the conspiracy in ancient world between two neighbouring countries. The growing concern of India in Nepals internal political issue to cultural issue signifies the fetid smell in relationship.The poverty and lawness are primary factors that help outsiders reflect avarice on cultural resources and plot all type of conspiracy against.In course of time, Nepalese patriotic fervour may give birth to anti Indian rioting if the situation persists..In ancient period very few people were so very conscious about its histoical, cultural and economical significance as people do nowadays Therefore, people just believed the truth. The world including academic community of India believes Buddha was born in Kapilvastu, Nepal. However, some wrongly motivated person like Subhas writes again and again involves himself into various lame to save their baseless ideas :
Cunningham, in his “Ancient Geography of India”, has strongly argued that Rumindei from where the Tarai inscription was allegedly discovered, is neither related to the name ‘Kapilavastu’ nor ‘Kapila’ even as noted historian Dr.Smith emphasizes that the place was never known as Rumindei. According to him, it was a forged name given to the place by archaeologist Fuhrer.
I’m not a historian . In fact, I believe that the idea is hasty, and a little too likely to presuade indian power exercise over Nepal. In a nutshell, all these accusations are inspired by a motive of hegemony. These people do not have sufficient evidence and they are vying to confuse and confound the Buddhists.We, thus, have to cast doubts on every ideas put forth by these fake historians including Dr.Smith. By supporting another so-called historian fairytales. Subhas further misuses his intellct:
The Hindustan Times wrote on 18.6.1970 that Mohapatra has “concluded” after many years of research that “Buddha’s birthplace was not, as is generally accepted, in the Tarai region of Nepal, but at Kapileswara village near Bhubaneswar.”
In the similar way, high ranking bureaucrats like chief Secretary, gov of Orissa- Ajit Kumar Tripathy have been digging down every source by attempting to create new wave of propaganda to future world writing a fake book The Real Birthplace of Buddha: Yesterday’s Kapilbastu Today’s Kapilewar.. The state government of Orissa, moreover, encourages such officer that helps create more illusion then reality. Nepali people and their government should be able to read meaning and message of such illusion and defend its integrity before getting too late.
SOME MORE TWISTED FACTS
The Cyclopedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. Bye Edward Balflower 1885… tires to prove the Buddha’s birth place as India..
“It is mentioned that Buddha travel from Rajagriha to Kapilvastu to come to a distance of 60 yojans,i.e. 675kms at the daily average of 1 yojans which is 11kms. Kapileswara of Orissa is at a distance of 600 km.Terai is just 300 Kms.”
Hemavantagiri mentioned by buddha later on was known as swanakuta swarna and Hema stand for gold- forest area of Chandaka. Khandgiri, Uhyagiri and Dhaulagiri belonged to this area. Kuwadnya who were the priest o Shakya’s are still living in Kaplesara areas since 2500. Later they built Shiva’s temple.
Vasistha Clan, of 500 families, they do have intermarriage system, they are Mallias.
The name Lumbini or Kapilbastu was not in existence during Buddha’s birthplace. It is because the name Lumini or Kapilbastu was not in map of Nepal before 100 years.
Ground Reality
In 1980 Indian History congress in Mumbai had described the kapileser inscriptions forged document. Some writers have a opinion that the Buddha was born on Northwest India on the boarder of Nepal. It is such voice who knows but do not accept Nepal as a birth place of India.About the year 560 BC six century before Christian era. The new international Enclopedian published in 1903 and edited by Daniel, gilman Harry his home was in the regin of Indian to the northeast of Benares, modern Kohane not far from borders of Nepal. Buddha was born, grew up and died a Hindu.
Ashoka pillar was rediscovered by the German Archeologist Alis Furehre . In 1967, the UN Secretary U Thant visited Lumbini. Out of his visit born a master plan for the development of the birth place. Kenzo Tange designer Japanese Buddhist had a dream to develop Lumbini as famour as Mecca or Jesusalem for Christians.. The 48 meter tall world peace Stupa by a Japanese group has been moving ahead. The murder of Yutaka Nabatame a nichiren monk working with project gave birth to many questions. Retaining text in copy, they had handed out the original plate to the faithful mallas and went away to Nepal. Unfortunately this place became famous as the birth place of Buddha . At last original birthplace came to light built Orissa state museum has been experimenting to check up fossil found nearby so called Asoka pillar in Institute of physical laboratory
Dr CB Patel. Buddha’s new birth place discovered-2004, The New York Time Encyclopedic Almanac-1972 and many books are supporting such false discourse. Some other books have written he was born in boarder of Northern India and Nepal.
Holleyworrd actors like Richard Gere and Steve Segal to 350 million practicing Buddhists in the world.
However,when Ashika who was emperor for whole India could not be supposed so stupid. Entire false logic tries to prove him very insensitive and coward person. Moreover, if there was war in Orissa why they bring they pillar to hide in Lumbini not in other places. The reason that Malla were obedient and innocent is not logistical. How those people belief to handover the faith on such innocent people.. And, why they did not live in between rather only in Lumbini.. Why Mallas went to orissas, who informed them to become and get that sutpa. So far it said they have retained in text and gave the original one is not reasonalble what was the reason behind it to preserve can not be logical and trustable. Moreover, they are advocating that Dhulagiri and other Himalayas do not exist in Nepal without researching the real Dhaulagiri Himal that exist in Northern part of Nepal The country Nepal which is in existence since civilization of Mohand Jodaro and Hadapa can not be justified by saying that Nepal has short history about Buddha Dharma therefore it can not be the Buddha’s birth place. We can not justify USA as the birth place of Jesus Christ being based on the churches opened in the USA. They should not forget that Buddha was born as Hindu and died as Hindu. He never supposed himself as god as many people believe now. The observation of Pasupatinath, Gueshwori and other place of cultural importance are enough to prove ancient Nepalese civilization. Similarly, the intercultural tolerance practiced in Nepal shows the Buddha’s influence in Nepal. The kingdom Suddhowhan must be bigger than modern day Lumbini which have real impact to the spread of Buddha Dharma to India. The ancient Nepali geographical maps from Tista to Kangada support this fact. Nepalese communities around the globe are getting united in India, Butan and around the world. India has a great fear of this unity.
Ways to combat Indian Discourse and Hegemony
The current school and university students have to shoulder the responsibility to run the country ultimately. Therefore, these national builders must be well equipped to preserve its identity of a multi-lingual, multi-cultural and multi-religion country. The current generation equally should aware about the political scenario which has been taking a dramatic shift to promote Nepal's non-aligned foreign policy in accordance with Pancha Sheel & UN Charter Also, students who are future leaders, national builders, designer and everything. m, sufficient knowledge to preserve the national’s identity like The Mt.Everest, the highest peak of the world, and birthplace of Lord Buddha and so and so forth. These cultural heritages need a lot of human resources and financial strength to make them alive for ever and ever.
Each nepali is a cultural ambassador, help support and contribute to organizations established to protect such cultural heritage. They, further, can launch various awareness programs for their preservation. China and India have been growing as powerful nationals of the world with the help of tremendous progress in their economy and education. Nepal on the other hand also has the obligation to improve its economy to meet the 21st century standard. Otherwise, the trend of migration and brain drain can not be stopped in this era of globalization which has adverse impact from national economy progress to preservation of cultural heritage. The future leader can stop such brain drain launching various national awareness programs about culture in school.
Following are some sources which present Asoka Pillar and Mayadevi temple as the solid source that prove Lumbini as Buddha’s birth place.
Uttankita Sanskrit Bidhya Arany Epigraphs Published 1989
Buddhism: Beliefs and practices in Sri Lanka Page172.
Buddhism: The light of Asia by Kenneth Kwan
Buddhist traditions and culture of the Ktm Valley, Nepal, by Karuna kar Baidya, University of Virginia -1986.
Conclusion
Hence, however hard these fake historians try, the reality will persist. Buddha was born in Kapilvastu as evidenced from the pillar found nearby. There are many morearcheaological evidences which prove that Buddha was born in Nepal. These people should learn to read history and appreciate the findings of excavations rather than accuse everything as being false. Poor findings supported by illogical arguments does not earn Buddha’s birthplace.
Work cited
http://orissamatters.com/2008/04/29ajit-on-buddha/
Subhas Chandra, Buddha was born in Orissa, not Nepal, International Reporter http://internationalreporter.com/news/read.php?id=1491
Hinudstan Times wrote on 18/06/1970The Cyclopedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia. Bye Edward
Sunday, April 12, 2009
My CORE BELIEFS as future School adminstrator in USA
Effective school administrators use technology to manage and promote students learning
The 21st-century challenges cannot be solved without science and technology. Any sector untouched by the power of modern technology is considered as undeveloped area. It is very hard to separate learning and technology as two separate entities. One help foster other and both exist as avant- garde approach for innovation and discovery. In this light, without use of technology administrators have a responsibility to expose our young learners to modern technology to maintain our position as world leaders. All effective administrators use technology to teach the students we have, not the students we used to have. We have the students who do not only demand concrete skills but further need strategies embedded with technology that can bring change in classroom practice. Student s differs in terms of content, motivation and efficiency. What interests them is motivation. These digital kids are easily motivated in a new digital landscape of technology. So, effective administrators use video, computers, internet, and telecommunication in their curriculum and communication. Also, they can apply technology management tools such as data base, spreadsheet to analyze staffs, students’ performance in order to make necessary decisions. Various researches have proved that present generation kids have neurologically different hyperlinked mind that keeps on changing like technology itself. Effective school administrators, thus, learns and uses technology to manage and stimulate students learning because technology is the language modern days students, who are visual learners, feel comfortable in speaking and learning.
Effective school administrators evaluate and appreciate diversity
Schools are the few places where young people of diverse background meet for the greater cause of education in USA. Diversity in our classroom today offers challenging opportunities that every effective administrator has to appreciate to meet the instructional need of diverse student population and help students understand different cultural ethics and identity in spite of their differences in learning process. By bringing them together, schools nurture their ability. Therefore schools have to take responsibility foster education from multi cultural perspective through which each child develops a sense of respect and tolerance for human differences. In this light, effective school administrations, therefore, understand education in the evolution of cultural diversity. Inclusion for special needs, talented and gifted, and English learners are already in place in our schools. Moreover, administrators are evaluated in terms of their ability to adapt and appreciate new relationship of transformation between ethnicity, learning ability, class, and gender. Interestingly, the voices of culturally sensitive curricula to understand and incorporate multi cultural perspective to encourage every students learning have received considerable attention in recent years from educational institutions across the country. At this point of time, in- depth knowledge, appreciation of diverse students’ population, effective work ethics in a multi-lingual, multi-cultural and economically diverse setting, and veneration for alternative perspective help students succeed. Similarly, effective administrations prepare teachers for multi cultural classrooms setting by means of various profession trainings on diversity. Equity among programs and learning opportunities for all are some examples of appreciating diversity in broader aspect. The appreciation and evaluation of diversity therefore is one of the professional responsibilities of effective administrations at this point of time that society is highly evolving to demographic diversity.
Effective Administrations Use Assessment Data to Inform Practice
Effective Administrations Use Assessment Data to Inform Practice
The use of assessment data plays vital role in school improvement and growth. These datas are used between principal, teachers and educational partners for the exploration of the appropriate intervention strategy to raise student’s achievements. Similarly, this self evaluation approach gives an opportunity to compare and contrast school’s academic performance with other schools including its teaching staffs. The effective administrators begin their voyage at school analyzing existing assessment data as the first task because achievements matter most and the result are taken as the one of the domains to evaluate staffs’ performance evaluation. These datas help out the classroom teacher to drive his instruction effectively by best utilizing these formal assessments to plan and diagnosis students’ achievement gap helping students master the required objective by re-teaching necessary skills. The school district may use the same assessment data one of the strong measuring rods to allocate its budget. More importantly, these assessment data becomes valuable tools in recognizing and motivating schools and students both locally and nationally. Generally speaking, school improvement is an amalgamation of various core elements such as administrations teachers, students, curriculum, lessons, students eagerness, school system, parents, and community to name but a few. Among this complex network of school improvement ingredients, the valid and reliable assessment data gives a bird’s eye view to inform practice. The effective administrations provide various opportunities for necessary training to their teaching staffs to make them aware about this process and probable contradictions and interpretation to be emerged out in this data analysis process. On a whole, effective administrations use this data knowledge to inform, practice and ultimately develop action plan to foster teaching and learning process at school.
Effective Administrations Consult Research to Guide Their Practice
Effective Administrations Consult Research to Guide Their Practice
Administrators make many decisions and execute their planning every day. It is believed that the effective administrators live in three time dimensions of decision: the present (what is being accomplished), past (what was accomplished) and future (the goal to be accomplished) of the school. Such administrators incorporate past research based finding and do not conclude based on mere hypothesis, intuition, and hearsay to reach the set destination in future. Any effort or resource invested on a school without proper research turn to be futile one. By contrast, the highly researched based planning and project that develops inquiry based teaching practices result in expected outcome in a long run. Research that generally originates with a question or problem requires a clear articulation of a goal and specific plan of procedure to reach the specific conclusion. The collection and interpretation of necessary data in attempting to resolve the problem to a question that administrators desperately need to be answered demands patience, skills and experience. Therefore, effective administrators develop his/her school’s vision, mission, along with day to day operation consulting research for positive results. These professionals show enough adept at handling challenges to identify opportunities to improve the school’s performance. Such administrators run and participate in research based professional development in needy area because the outcome fulfills the high expectation of our kids and makes great contribution on past dimension of future leaders guiding their practice.
EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATORS USE VARIED STRATEGIES AND MODELS TO LEAD EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
The contemporary education system demands various innovative strategies and models to be implemented in order to run any institution smoothly according to its vision and mission. The knowledge of these academic strategies highly contribute administrators imparts value education for life. To lead educational institution is a complex yet attainable adventure where academic leaders have to invent the surest path to help foster students knowledge. Efficient academic leaders always show their mastery in creating and sticking to the clear vision, mission, and strategy to lead the institution. In the same vein, such administrators make very wise decision prior to selecting workable teaching strategies for their school. Pragmatic aspect of implementation, past result, relevancy, and its positive effect on themselves, teachers, parents and other community members are some major key elements that the responsible administrators take in consideration to decide varied strategies. Sometimes, these strategies and modality are prepared and recommended by CEO office for school administrators particularly in public school system. In such a situation, administrators make sure that they have necessary knowledge about the system’s guidelines on necessary project and their effective implementation. For example, School Based Management, Fair Student Funding, Charter School based on open sector, the concept that based on proposition that we cannot change and get expected degree of improvement in education by relying only on fixing our existing schools, are some proactive approach to implementing some new strategy introduced by Baltimore Public School System. When the authority of power on staffing, budget, curriculum, and governance transformed to the local school, the central system holds local administrators accountable for authentic learning Effective administrators, thus, have to make themselves familiar and authentic with current varied teaching strategies, methodologies and models to lead educational institutions to honor academic excellence.
The contemporary education system demands various innovative strategies and models to be implemented in order to run any institution smoothly according to its vision and mission. The knowledge of these academic strategies highly contribute administrators imparts value education for life. To lead educational institution is a complex yet attainable adventure where academic leaders have to invent the surest path to help foster students knowledge. Efficient academic leaders always show their mastery in creating and sticking to the clear vision, mission, and strategy to lead the institution. In the same vein, such administrators make very wise decision prior to selecting workable teaching strategies for their school. Pragmatic aspect of implementation, past result, relevancy, and its positive effect on themselves, teachers, parents and other community members are some major key elements that the responsible administrators take in consideration to decide varied strategies. Sometimes, these strategies and modality are prepared and recommended by CEO office for school administrators particularly in public school system. In such a situation, administrators make sure that they have necessary knowledge about the system’s guidelines on necessary project and their effective implementation. For example, School Based Management, Fair Student Funding, Charter School based on open sector, the concept that based on proposition that we cannot change and get expected degree of improvement in education by relying only on fixing our existing schools, are some proactive approach to implementing some new strategy introduced by Baltimore Public School System. When the authority of power on staffing, budget, curriculum, and governance transformed to the local school, the central system holds local administrators accountable for authentic learning Effective administrators, thus, have to make themselves familiar and authentic with current varied teaching strategies, methodologies and models to lead educational institutions to honor academic excellence.
Effective Administrators Articulate Policy and Have Broad Knowledge of Systems Which Impact Education
No one argues upon the point that every effective administrator has to expresses oneself readily, clearly, and effectively on his policy having broad knowledge of system that directly impact education. The system knowledge helps administrators to work on their agendas smoothly from day one. The broad and current knowledge about the systems are most important aspect prior to shouldering administrative responsibilities to reach the levels set by the system. The administrators are expected to demonstrate broad knowledge of system, skills in students learning. The administrators who are receptive to school policy and system knowledge better understand the need for its application in best interests of the students. The broad knowledge of system incorporated various domains from staffs selection, supervision, evaluation, management functions for the school to policy formation and legal requirements (federal, state, and municipal laws, regulations, requirement of due process) within the scope of their responsibility. Furthermore, transportation, food services, pupil personnel services, maintenance, and facilities management are also other areas that effective administrators have to possess their high level of competence and performance. In a nutshell, effective administrators have broad knowledge of current educational research, ongoing educational exemplary practices l, the articulation of system’s vision, goals, school law, needs, and accomplishments along with the need of professional development because these elements are directly related in student’s learning process.
Saturday, February 21, 2009
Denigration of own manifestation!!!
Her countenance on ‘my proposal’ made me really happy. I was expecting this because she was very positive from the day 1 of our meeting. Of course, my craven fear of her rejection made me shy in first few days though. I never forget that my doer and dream very often squeeze like a cabbage on my own credulous nature. Spilling oddness of life for the sake of purgation and purification of mind as in Greek tragedy should not make me accountable. I know I can’t be culpable for anything of such nature which is done intentionally to nourish positive vibration. Yes, absolutely for positive vibration! Let’s think I deserve blame on her eyes, what would be the punishment? Just be away from her, right? My shattered hopes will be pushed further away and I will place mattress and foam of love around my heart to damp her echo of distant past. Her daunting compassionate of getting wrapped around me by mid January afternoon at State park is overwhelming and impossible. Only because, I need now! I might not need later one, who knows? Please don’t get me wrong though. My love is not postmodern nature of love where all formulas are applied and nothing is due in connection and turning off the switch of love! I may not be actually end up only on reality as I am not dearth of anything whatsoever, and I can’t fall down mid-way through in a complete debacle. Of course, debacle without hope and imagination that was bestowed even in my blunder and failure must be far away for my own decorum and dignity! I can’t take offence of her any action. Also, I can’t further excuse her pinky fingers that did not only feel my superficiality but passed through my secondary imagination from couch to coffee house. I can’t demur does not mean I am left without feeling! Yes, it is denigration of own manifestation of love! All I can say:
Numerous bits of apology
excerbarated fears in isolation
dry and brittle faded album memory
surely pound and combine me
Your generation will behold your saga summary!
Yes, they will through your disaphonous eyes
In derivative of romance towers of ivory
Swings and disapper in horizon
Your efforts of all life long desultory
that pummel myself and each attic lover!
Numerous bits of apology
excerbarated fears in isolation
dry and brittle faded album memory
surely pound and combine me
Your generation will behold your saga summary!
Yes, they will through your disaphonous eyes
In derivative of romance towers of ivory
Swings and disapper in horizon
Your efforts of all life long desultory
that pummel myself and each attic lover!
Wednesday, February 18, 2009
Living in Handscuffs!!!!
Imagine putting own stamp on war like thousands deployed American solders across the globe. Ask question “will I come with a solution of all the formidable challenge amid of war mess around the globe where American flag is at avant-garde. The life and mind have always very slippery side. We are twisted by situation and circumstances than anything else. Our action which start without purpose turn to be shakeup for life. The life story is almost like currently bail out American banks. Real tragic! Get going is only option left on parking lot! A voice can be a last word of entire life any time. It is because pains are our partners! Imagine not being able to see next sunlight! It is real hard. Most of the time a man comforts his shortcoming holding hope for future. Lock in future is only option left for today! Leave things alone, however they approach you in a split second. I listen in on my own voice within my positive vibration and fight and get going! Despite all logistics, few and far between are ready to accept whatever tragedy appears down the road. Reality is- only bilking pain makes one knowledgeable. True. Like a pencil bears pain of sharpening to be better, we have to bear suffering to be a better person. Agreed on parable! However, if we do not celebrate during the process of suffering, we have no time to realize refurbished life! Living in handcuffs and leaving in happiness are almost identical in a long run. The only measuring rod is powerful imagination of warrant letter within! We are working hard and waiting to receive a warrant letter! One greater than Federal or any government of the world can issue! To make it easy going, let’s celebrate pain. In fact, if we do not we will get the meaningless warrant like thousands get everyday Fight for great warrant, live on pile of warrants in life!
Monday, February 16, 2009
Why American schools do not allow religious prayer at school?
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe and Religious prayer in American Public Schools
Religious prayer in Public schools has become very fascinating topic for my research because from hither to society, the conflict between religion and state government has been a very important issue across the globe. The countries which were very much radical on religious issues for decades also have been adopting very secular thought and claim themselves a part of global community. However, the constant conflict between the state and religion has been always in existence particularly in public school education. During the 14th Century, the education system in the west was primarily dominated by Christianity. The rule of Pope dominated the rule of the state for a long time. The voice of secularism was noticeably marginal. Getting inspiration from the same point, I have published a book entitled “Affirmation of communal Strength” in 2002 researching artistic works written from subaltern point of view. As I joined John Hopkins University, Prof. Rembold Law class inspired me to research on one of the topics that deals with religion in public school.
The first Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that says: ‘Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof clearly defines the secular state policy’. These two provisions are commonly referred to as the ‘religion clauses.’ The ‘Establishment Clause’ prohibits government from promoting or opposing religion. In the mean time, the ‘Free Exercise Clause’ protects the right to believe in and practice religion. However, it is sometime very ambiguous in certain situation to pinpoint whether governmental involvement in particular situation is a promotion of religion or interference against religion. The judicial interpretation of clauses in different context and situation is very interesting and logistic that embodies the spirit of first amendment. In this light I critically observed almost 50 years major issues from McCollum v. Board of Education (March 8, 1948) to Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (June 19, 2000) that deals with religion in public school system. Out of 18 ruling of Supreme Court and hundreds more of the lower federal and state court projects the secular stands point of the government. Among these all ruling, I find Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (June 19, 2000) case very controversial to observe from the perspective of establishment and constitutional clause. The court invalidated a school district’s policy allowing an elected student to lead pre-game prayers over the school stadium’s public address system. The Court reaffirmed the importance of protecting religious minorities from majority rule. “Fundamental rights may never be submitted to vote,” Justice John Paul Stevens wrote for the majority, “they depend on the outcome of no elections.” Gillentine author and a long time moderator of the Oklahoma and Mississippi state associations in a journal ‘Prayer at Atheletic Events’ opines, “In general, court cases hold that prayer is acceptable if it is student initiated and led without being promoted or endorsed by school officials and consider prayer to be a violation of the First Amendment if it is sponsored, prompted, or endorsed by school officials. However Gillentine argument contrasts on this case if we ignore the context. Therefore, the research paper will deal with this issue considering the epoch, history and environment on which basis t, My paper, moreover, will analyze the context on which basis student’s initiated prayer was invalidated. Moreover, I will comparatively study the major cases including Engel V. Vitale, Abington Township V. Schempp, Wallace v. Jaffree and many other previous courts decision on school prayerReligious prayer in Public schools has become very fascinating topic for my research because from hither to society, the conflict between religion and state government has been a very important issue across the globe. The countries which were very much radical on religious issues for decades also have been adopting very secular thought and claim themselves a part of global community. However, the constant conflict between the state and religion has been always in existence particularly in public school education. During the 14th Century, the education system in the west was primarily dominated by Christianity. The rule of Pope dominated the rule of the state for a long time. The voice of secularism was noticeably marginal. Getting inspiration from the same point, I have published a book entitled “Affirmation of communal Strength” in 2002 researching artistic works written from subaltern point of view. As I joined John Hopkins University, Prof. Rembold Law class inspired me to research on one of the topics that deals with religion in public school.
Questions:
How those eighteenth-century words are never been uncontested? Are these words represents the embodiment of the final truth forever in US constitution? Should the religion clauses apply only to the federal government, or to state and local governments, too?
How federal case look upon the community values regarding the prayer at football games in its verdict?
What does strongly worded majority opinion symbolizes for the future cases of similar nature?
Does this verdict declare devotional practices on other school- sponsored activities outside the classroom unconstitutional?
Why did two U.S. courts of appeals render opposite opinions devotional practices on Adler v. Duval Country school Board case?
Are schools intentionally engaged in religious activities prohibited by the Court?
Work Citation
Gillentine, A., et.al., Prayer at Atheletic Events. Strategies v. 18 no. 1(September/Ocotover 2004) p. 13-15
McGuire, Kevin. "Public Schools, Religious Establishments, and the U.S. Supreme Court." American Politics Research, 37.1 (2009): 50-74.
School prayer guide gets mixed reviews[Guidelines issued by Dept. of Education]. The Christian Century v. 120 no. 5(March 8 2003) p.16
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